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OBJECTIVE To provide reference for standardizing the labeling of medication information for pregnant women and lactating women in the instructions of antiarrhythmic drugs. METHODS The instructions of antiarrhythmic drugs were collected from the terms of “medication reference ”on official website of Yimaitong Technology Co. ，Ltd. The labeling of medication information of pregnant women and lactating women were sorted out ，counted and analyzed with reference to the Detailed Rules for Specifications of Instructions of Chemical Drugs and Therapeutic Biological Products issued by the State Food and Drug Administration. RESULTS A total of 111 instructions of antiarrhythmic drugs were collected in this study ，of which 102 instructions were marked with “medication for pregnant women ”（91.89％），of which the proportion of those with medication guidance and without medication guidance were 75.68％ and 16.22％ respectively. Eighty-eight drug instructions were marked with the item “medication for lactating women ”（79.28％），of which the proportion of those with medication guidance and without medication guidance were 70.27％ and 9.01％ respectively. Among different categories of antiarrhythmic drugs ，the best labeling of “medication for pregnant women ”was class Ⅰ antiarrhythmic drugs （100％），while class Ⅲ drugs（25.00％）were most missing ； class Ⅳ antiarrhythmic drugs （94.44％）were the best labeled for “medication for lactating women ”，while class Ⅰ（26.47％）were the most missing . There were differences in the labeling contents of “medication for pregnant women ”and“medication for lactating women ”in some drug instructions of the same variety from different manufacturers. Among the 99 drug instructions of domestic pharmaceutical enterprises ， 92 listed the items of “medication for pregnant women”and“medication for lactating women ”，and the proportions of them with medication guidance were 74.75％ and 69.70％ respectively；among the 12 drug instructions of foreign pharmaceutical enterprises ，10（83.33％）listed the items of “medication for pregnant women ”and“medication for lactating women ”，and the proportion with medication guidance was 83.33％ and 75.00％ respectively. CONCLUSIONS There are some problems in the labeling content of domestic antiarrhythmic drug instructions，such as the lack of information related to “medication for pregnant women ”and“medication for lactating women ”， the confusion of guidance expression ， the inconsistent content of drug instructions of the same variety from different manufacturers，the lag of modification and update ，and the poor standardization of drug instructions. Drug supervision and administration departments and drug manufacturers should pay attention to them and constantly strengthen the management and standardization of instructions.
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OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for the content determination of rapamycin (RAPA) in human monocyte THP-1 derived foam cells,and to study the effects of RAPA targeting preparation(RAPA-NP-Apt)targeting at foam cells. METH-ODS:Foam cells model were established through THP-1 cells were induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein. Foam cells were incubated with 200 ng/mL RAPA or 200,400,800 ng/mL RAPA-NP-Apt for 60 min. The content of RAPA was determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on Diamonsil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(90:10,V/V) at flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 40 ℃,and the detection wavelength was 278 nm. The sample size was 20 μL. RESULTS:The concentration of RAPA ranged 50-6400 ng/mL (r=0.99996) with average recovery of 98.72%(RSD=0.62%,n=3). RSDs of inter-day and intra-day were not more than 6.15%(n=6),RSD of stability was lower than 2%(n=6),and RSD of repeatability was 1.64%(n=6). After foam cells were incubated with RAPA or low-concentration,medi-um-concentration and high-concentration of RAPA-NP-Apt,the contents of RAPA were 12,43,98,140 ng/106 cells. CONCLU-SIONS:The method is simple,stable and reproducible. It can be used for content determination of RAPA in foam cells. RA-PA-NP-Apt can improve the effects of RAPA targeting at foam cells.
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Objective To assess the anti-inflammatory and analgesic efects of Qinghouxiaoyan granules. Methods The rats were divided into blank group , Qinghouxiaoyan granules of high , medium , or low dose group, and aspirin group. Xylol-induced auricle swelling, carrageenan-induced paw swelling, Hac-induced blood capillary lealkage , and cotton pellet-induced graunloma were performed to assess the inflammatory effect; heat-plate test and Hac induced-twisting method were used to observe the analgesic efect. Results Qinghouxiaoyan granules played significant inhibitory action on xylene-induced inflammation , carrageenan-induced inflammation , and cotton-ball-induce granulation edema in different degrees; and decreased HAc-induced abdominal capillary permeability. The granules also showed significant analgesic effects on pain induced by heat and chemical stimu-lation in rats. Conclusion Qinghouxiaoyan granules has significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
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Objective:To explore the content and model for clinical pharmacists to carry out pharmaceutical care on elderly pa-tients with atrial fibrillation combined with other diseases treated by warfarin. Methods:One case of an elderly atrial fibrillation patient complicated with coronary artery disease and urinary tract infection suffering elevated INR after the use of warfarin was applied as the example. The pharmaceutical care was carried out by clinical pharmacists including analyzing the causes of elevated INR and assisting the doctor to develop the individualized pharmaceutical care plan. Results: After the adjustment of warfarin dose and the other drugs combined with medical education, bleeding and thromboembolic events did not occur during the hospitalization, and finally, satisfactory effect of anticoagulation therapy was achieved. Conclusion: The implementation of pharmaceutical care on anticoagulation in atrial fi-brillation patients with various diseases is helpful to improve the compliance in patients, avoid the occurrence of adverse drug reactions and guarantee the effectiveness and safety of warfarin.
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Objective To study the effect of caveolin-1 gene expression on the proliferation of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells,and to explore the possibility for its future usage in gene therapy.Methods The full-length caveolin-1 gene was stably transfected into the MGC803 cell line by lipofectin.The Pcl neo vector was transfected at the same time as mock control.The expression of caveolin-1 was detected by Western blot in both the caveolin-1 gene transfected MGC803 cells and the controls.The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.Results After transfected with caveolin-1,MGC803 cells significantly up-regulated the expression of caveolin 1 and extended their doubling time.The cell proliferation was inhibited and the cell cycle was arrested in the G_0/G_1 phase.Conclusion Caveolin-1 can inhibit the proliferation of MGC803 cells and induce cell cycle arrest in G_0/G_1 phase.
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Tangier disease is caused by mutations in ATP binding cassette transporter A1( ABCA1). ABCA1 interacts with lipid-free apolip oproteins, promoting phospholipid and cholesterol efflux from cells and giving r ise to HDL particles. ABCA1 may act as a phospholipid translocase facilitating p hospholipid binding to apoA-I. ABCA1 gene expression is upregulated in cholester ol-loaded cells as a result of activation of LXR/RXR-mediated gene transcription . LXR and RXR coordinately induce a battery of genes mediating cellular choleste rol efflux, centripetal cholesterol transport, and cholesterol excretion in bile . Small-molecule activators of LXR/RXR or other stimulators of macrophage or int estinal cholesterol efflux hold great promise as future treatments for atheroscl erosis.
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Object To investigate the effects of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) and Danshen (DS) on the growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma and tumor angiogenesis. Methods C 57BL mice with Lewis lung carcinoma were used in this study, which were injected respectively with TMP injection 50, 100, and 200 mg/(kg?d) and DS injection 5, 10, and 20 g/(kg?d), ip, for 21 days. Then the volume, weight, and numbers of the metastatic foci on lungs, tumor microvessel density (MVD) were determined, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of Lewis lung carcinoma was observed. Results TMP could remarkably reduce the volume, weight, and numbers of the metastatic foci, MVD, and the expression of VEGF of Lewis lung carcinoma. But DS did not show remarkably effect on Lewis lung carcinoma. Conclusion TMP can remarkably inhibit the growth and metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma on mice, and its mechanism might be relative to inhibiting the expression of VEGF and angiogenesis. DS injection has no remarkably effect on Lewis lung carcinoma.
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AIM: To determine the effect of promoting cellular cholesterol efflux on the apoptosis of foam cells derived from monocytes. METHODS: RAW264.7 cells were incubated with 50 mg/L ox-LDL as a foam cell mode. The apoptosis rate of RAW264.7 cells was assayed by flow cytometry. Cellular lipid droplet was assayed by oil red staining. The rate of cellular cholesterol efflux was assayed with [~3H] label cholesterol, and the content of cellular cholesterol were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: After incubation with 50 mg/L ox-LDL for 48 h, the content of cellular cholesterol ester increased from (6.8?3.6) mg/g to (101.7?4.5) mg/g (P